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| 445 |
| | | Attila murders his brother and becomes the sole ruler of the Huns, who are now pressing through Dacia and across the Danube | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | Angles, Saxons and other Germanic groups invade southern England and steadily push the Celts westwards | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | The squinch, soon followed by the more sophisticated pendentive, proves a great boon to builders of domes | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | St Patrick creates a strong tradition of Celtic Christianity in Ireland, from his base in Armagh | |
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| 451 |
| | | Attila and the Huns invade Gaul but are defeated, somewhere near Troyes, by a Roman army supported by Visigoths and Burgundians | |
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| 452 |
| | | Attila invades and ravages northern Italy, but turns back before reaching Rome - possibly influenced by the diplomacy of Leo I | |
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| 455 |
| | | Gaiseric and the Vandals enter Rome and sack the city, but their violence is perhaps restrained by Leo I | |
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| c. 460 |
| | | The mausoleum of Galla Placidia begins Ravenna's great tradition of Christian mosaic | |
|  | Ravenna, mosaic in Neon Baptistery
Fotofile CG
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| c. 475 |
| | | The Syrian desert is full of hermits living on pillars, following the example of St Simeon Stylites | |
|  | Pillar of Simeon the Stylite
Fotofile CG
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| 476 |
| | | The tribal leader and mercenary Odoacer becomes king of Italy - an event often taken as defining the end of the Roman empire in the west | |
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